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Une dose suffit pour les ex-malades du covid — Vaccination

  • par Amanda Heroux
  • dans Science
  • — Fév 13, 2021
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Affirmant que cet avis a recueilli l'approbation de nombreux experts, la présidente de la commission technique des vaccinations ne doute pas qu'il sera suivi par le gouvernement.

Les autorités sanitaires françaises ont recommandé ce vendredi 12 février de "ne proposer qu'une seule dose" de vaccin contre le Covid-19 aux personnes "ayant déjà fait une infection" par le coronavirus. Aucun autre pays ne s'est clairement positionné sur une vaccination en une dose pour les personnes ayant contracté la Covid-19, antérieurement à la vaccination. L'autorité sanitaire considère que les personnes infectées par le Covid-19, symptomatiques ou non, sont protégées pendant au moins trois mois par l'immunité "post-infectieuse". La dose unique de vaccin jouera ainsi un rôle de rappel " indique Dominique Le Guludec. Les trois vaccins dont l'utilisation est autorisée dans l'Union européenne - fabriqués par Pfizer, Moderna et AstraZeneca - ont été développés pour être administrés en deux doses administrées à quelques semaines d'intervalle. La Société de pathologie infectieuse de langue française (Spilf) avait émis une recommandation à la Has au sujet de cette piste à creuser, malgré un échantillon faible.

"La HAS propose qu'une seule dose leur soit administrée, quelle que soit l'ancienneté de l'infection". Ainsi la HAS recommande-t-elle de réaliser la vaccination dans un délai proche de 6 mois et confirme qu'elle ne doit pas être envisagée avant un délai de 3 mois après l'infection.

La HAS précise que ces conseils pourront évoluer au fil des connaissances et notamment des études à venir. A ce jour, les réinfections semblent être des événements peu fréquents sur la période de 6 mois après le premier épisode, y compris dans un contexte d'une forte exposition (par exemple parmi le personnel de santé), chez les patients précédemment rétablis.

La société biopharmaceutique allemande Cure Vac présente un flux de travail de recherche sur un vaccin contre le coronavirus

Des exceptions. L'autorité sanitaire pose deux exceptions dans son communiqué de presse: les personnes présentant une immunodépression avérée et les personnes qui ont été testées positives après leur première injection. Il confirme l'attente des trois mois minimum, recommande même de se rapprocher des six mois et de n'utiliser dans ce cas, qu'une seule dose de vaccin.

Enfin, la présence de symptômes persistants après une infection par le Covid-19 (ce qu'on appelle le Covid long) n'est pas une contre-indication à la vaccination.

Avec une seule dose, l'immunité des personnes ayant déjà eu le Covid-19 est équivalente à celle d'une personne qui a reçu deux injections.

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